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How does an inkjet printer work?

A plain-English guide for busy offices – no jargon, no sales talk.

3 min read By Commercial Toner
Close-up of a modern office printer control panel
Quick answer

An inkjet printer sprays microscopic droplets of liquid ink onto the paper. A printhead with hundreds of tiny nozzles moves back and forth across the sheet and fires droplets exactly where text and images should appear. After each pass the paper moves forward a little, until the page is complete.

How an inkjet printer works Simplified front view of an inkjet printer showing the rear paper feed, the ink cartridges on the moving carriage, the printhead firing droplets, the belt and motor, and the paper advancing to the output tray. Paper in Motor Paper out 2 3 1 4 5

Inside an inkjet printer

From blank sheet to finished page in 5 steps
1 Paper feed

A pick-up roller takes one sheet from the paper tray and pulls it into the printer.

2 Ink cartridges

Hold the liquid ink – usually cyan, magenta, yellow and black. They ride along on the carriage or feed the printhead through thin tubes.

3 Printhead & nozzles

Hundreds of microscopic nozzles fire tiny ink droplets exactly where text and images should appear.

4 Carriage & belt

A motor and belt move the printhead back and forth across the page, one strip at a time.

5 Paper advance

After each pass, a roller moves the paper forward a fraction – until the page is complete and lands in the output tray.

Tap a number to explore each part.

In 30 seconds

Tiny droplets Hundreds of microscopic nozzles fire ink droplets far finer than a human hair, line by line across the page.
Strong on colour Inkjets blend colours smoothly, which makes them a good choice for photos and colourful prints.
Cheap to buy, dearer to run Inkjet printers usually cost less upfront, but the cost per page is often higher than with a laser printer.

Thermal or piezo – two ways to fire a droplet

Thermal inkjet A tiny heater in each nozzle heats the ink for a few millionths of a second. A vapour bubble forms and pushes a droplet out.
Piezo inkjet A small crystal behind each nozzle flexes when a voltage is applied and squeezes a droplet out – no heat involved.

Both work well. For you, the main difference is whether the printhead sits in the cartridge or stays in the printer.

The parts that matter

You don’t need to be a technician – but knowing these parts makes it much easier to understand what you’re buying and why.

Printhead The heart of the printer: hundreds of nozzles that place the ink. In some printers it’s part of the cartridge.
Ink cartridges Hold the ink and are the part you replace most often – and the biggest running cost.
Carriage & belt Carry the printhead back and forth across the page.
Paper tray & feed rollers Hold the blank sheets and pull them in one by one.
Service station Parks the printhead, caps the nozzles so they don’t dry out and runs the cleaning cycles.
Waste ink pad Soaks up the ink used during cleaning. When it’s full, some printers stop until it’s replaced.
Paper advance roller Moves the sheet forward a fraction after every pass of the printhead.

Inkjet or laser – which suits your office?

Inkjet printer Laser printer
Prints with Liquid ink Toner powder
Best for Photos, colour, occasional printing Text, documents, higher volumes
Speed Slower Fast
Dries out if unused? Yes, ink can dry in the printhead No
Cost per page Usually higher Usually lower

If you print a few pages a week and want great colour, an inkjet does the job. For daily invoices, letters and contracts, a laser printer is usually cheaper and more reliable – see how a laser printer works. Not sure which suits you? Our free printer advice is independent – we don’t sell printers.

Is something wrong? Common signs and what they mean

Streaks or white lines Some nozzles are blocked. Run the nozzle check and cleaning function – but not over and over, as every cleaning uses ink.
Faded or wrong colours A colour is running low or its nozzles are partly blocked.
Smudged prints The ink hasn’t dried properly. Check that the paper type in your print settings matches the paper in the tray.
Paper jams or skewed pages Usually dusty or worn rollers, or an overfilled paper tray.

Tip: print at least one page a week to keep the nozzles from drying out. Still stuck? Our Premium Tech Support solves most printer problems over the phone.

Frequently asked questions

Why does my inkjet use ink even when I’m not printing?
Inkjet printers run short cleaning cycles, for example when they’re switched on, to keep the nozzles clear. The ink used for this ends up in the waste ink pad.
Is an inkjet printer cheaper than a laser printer?
Usually cheaper to buy, but often more expensive per page. For regular office printing, a laser printer tends to work out cheaper over time.
How do I unblock inkjet nozzles?
Use your printer’s built-in nozzle check and cleaning function. If a couple of cleaning cycles don’t help, stop and get advice – repeated cleaning uses a lot of ink.
Should I unplug my inkjet at night?
Switch it off with the power button rather than pulling the plug. That way the printhead is parked and capped properly and the nozzles don’t dry out.
Can I use compatible ink cartridges in my inkjet?
Yes. Quality compatible cartridges work in the same way as the originals. Ours come with a 3-year guarantee on quality, function, storage life and page yield.
Find out what your printing really costs Our free Print Cost Check shows you where you can save on ink and toner – without compromising on quality.
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